Category: Business

bookmark_borderPolitical Insight: The Reverse Psychology of “Trump Derangement Syndrome”

Posted on by admin

I’ve studied what’s often labeled “Trump Derangement Syndrome” since the 1990s, and I believe the root causes include issues like racism and elements of white supremacy. Supporting someone with such views inevitably supports these ideologies, even indirectly. Some of Trump’s base might not identify as white supremacists but are drawn in due to lack of awareness on these matters. There is also a segment of his supporters motivated by a desire to dismantle government institutions. However, this faction often lacks a foundation in political science, international economics, technology, math, and science, leaving them more susceptible to conspiracy theories and propaganda.

This may also explain why a substantial portion of his supporters are white men without a college education, as they are statistically shown to be more targeted by such messaging.

For more insight into this phenomenon, consider exploring sources on fascism. Former President Donald Trump displays certain elements often associated with fascist ideologies. These features generally align with authoritarian tendencies, disregard for democratic norms, promotion of nationalism, and targeting of perceived enemies. Here are some specific points frequently highlighted in this argument:

1. Authoritarianism and Centralized Power: Fascism typically emphasizes a strong leader who consolidates power by undermining democratic institutions. Trump’s actions often challenged democratic norms, from his comments on judiciary independence to his pressure on the Justice Department to pursue political opponents. During his presidency, he was also criticized for praising and building relationships with authoritarian leaders like Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un, which some argued normalized authoritarian governance on the world stage.

2. Nationalism and Xenophobia: Fascist ideologies frequently promote an “us vs. them” mentality, positioning the nation or ethnic majority as superior. Trump’s rhetoric around immigration, particularly his depiction of certain groups as criminals or threats, resonates with this exclusionary nationalism. The proposed border wall and the travel ban targeting predominantly Muslim countries have been cited as examples of policies that foster a nationalistic, exclusionary stance.

3. Disregard for the Media and Facts: Fascist regimes historically have delegitimized the press to stifle opposition and control narratives. Trump’s frequent labeling of the media as “the enemy of the people” and dismissing unflattering reports as “fake news” exemplified a combative approach to the press. This undermining of media credibility can contribute to an environment where only the leader’s narrative is seen as legitimate.

4. Use of Propaganda and Conspiracy: Fascism often relies on propaganda and unfounded narratives to create loyalty and distrust toward institutions. Trump’s promotion of unfounded theories, such as claims of widespread voter fraud and the “Deep State” working against him, have been criticized as attempts to sway public perception and undermine faith in the democratic process. This has parallels to the way fascist leaders use conspiracy theories to justify overreaching power.

5. Cult of Personality: A hallmark of fascism is the elevation of a leader to near-mythical status, promoting loyalty to the leader rather than democratic institutions. Trump’s rallies, the branding of “Trumpism,” and his personal, direct appeal to supporters over traditional party structures created a unique political movement centered on his identity. This “cult of personality” can promote loyalty to an individual rather than to democratic values and systems.

The Original DJT Ticker Symbol: Donald T. Trump

Drill, Baby, Drill (How Hate and Ignorance Distort Economic Perspectives)

The Economic Monsters: Inflation and Interest Rates

bookmark_borderThe Trump Trade

Posted on by admin

Why have interest rates been going up after the Fed cut rates? Because investors concur that Trump’s economic polices will be harmful to the economy, drive up inflation, and explode the national debt. Investors have been making “Trump Trades” based on this concern. Unfortunately, a large number of investors — approximately 75% — currently expect that Donald Trump will win the election.

One reason many believe Trump’s economic policies, particularly his tariffs, would be detrimental to the economy is their potential to drive up inflation. Tariffs on imported goods increase costs for businesses and consumers, as companies pass on higher import taxes in the form of price hikes. This can stoke inflation, especially if the targeted imports include essential goods or raw materials (like steel and aluminum). Tariffs also raise uncertainty, disrupt global supply chains, and result in retaliatory tariffs from other countries, further driving up costs for U.S. exports.

Another major concern is the national debt. Analysis of Trump’s economic plan suggests that his policies could increase the national debt by an additional $10-20 trillion over the next decade. This is largely due to a combination of aggressive tax cuts, which reduce federal revenue, and increased government spending, particularly on military and infrastructure projects. While tax cuts can stimulate short-term economic growth, they often fail to generate enough revenue to offset the loss, resulting in long-term debt accumulation.
Moreover, Trump’s tariffs and trade wars further burden the economy by reducing international trade, increasing costs for businesses, and weakening the competitiveness of U.S. industries abroad. These trade disruptions can also negatively impact GDP growth, limiting the government’s ability to manage the national debt. With interest payments on the debt projected to rise significantly in the coming years. In fiscal year 2024, the U.S. government is projected to pay approximately $892 billion in interest on the national debt. This figure is expected to rise significantly in the coming years, reaching $1 trillion in 2025 and $1.7 trillion by 2034. Over the next decade, total net interest payments are estimated to amount to $12.9 trillion. These figures do not account for potential changes in debt repayments that could result from a Trump presidency​

The economic strain from Trump’s policies could push the U.S. into an unsustainable fiscal situation.

For historical reference see “The Great Depression.” Tariffs, especially the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930, played a significant role in deepening the Great Depression.

Agricultural Sector Collapse: U.S. farmers were particularly vulnerable to tariffs. They had benefited from international markets, especially after World War I, when European agriculture had been disrupted. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff and the subsequent retaliatory tariffs drastically reduced demand for American agricultural products abroad, leading to falling prices and farm bankruptcies. This deepened rural poverty and unemployment.

Investor and Consumer Confidence: The tariff policy also hurt investor and consumer confidence. Businesses feared the impacts of the trade war, leading them to cut back on production and investment. Consumers, already cautious due to the economic downturn, faced rising prices on imported goods. This further depressed consumption and business activity, worsening the economic contraction.

Business & Economics

bookmark_borderAbout Our Experiment

Posted on by admin

By Daniel Brouse

Many people ask, “Why does a scientist engage with climate deniers?”

Thanks for the concern! You’re right that, for my mental health, it might be easier to ignore them. However, as an educator, I see these interactions as an opportunity to reach a wider audience. Engaging with climate skeptics—what some might call ‘climate dummies’—gives me the chance to correct misinformation in real time and provide fact-based explanations to others who may be quietly observing the conversation.

By addressing these false claims head-on, I can offer a legitimate, scientifically backed source of information to those seeking clarity in a sea of misinformation. This outreach is critical, especially when so many people are exposed to conflicting or inaccurate claims about climate change. My aim is not to argue for the sake of it, but to ensure that there are trusted voices out there providing clear, evidence-based information on the urgent reality of climate change.

In addition, their opposition is immensely educative in our efforts. In reality, their persistent denial of climate change has forced us to rethink and drastically rebuild our climate models. What were once “worst-case” scenarios have now become the “best-case” outcomes we are seeing today.

Our updated climate models, now integrating complex social-ecological factors, show that global temperatures could rise by up to 9°C within this century—far beyond previous predictions of a 4°C rise over the next thousand years. This kind of warming could bring us dangerously close to the “wet-bulb” threshold, where heat and humidity exceed the human body’s ability to cool itself, leading to fatal consequences.

The reality is, we need these so-called climate “skeptics” to remind us just how urgent and critical the climate crisis is becoming. Ironically, their denial helps highlight the importance of decisive action, as climate change continues to spiral out of control.

The window for meaningful intervention is closing, and the need for action has never been more critical.

The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderClimate Change Time Line

Posted on by admin

by Daniel Brouse
October 11, 2024

What is the past, present and future of climate change?

I originated the hypothesis of the non-linear acceleration of climate change in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, that hypothesis evolved into established climate theory and is now widely recognized as scientific fact. My lab partner, a Doctor of Physics from Ohio State, and I teamed up in the ’90s. He provided crucial evidence to support the hypothesis. Since then, we’ve observed that the doubling time for climate change impacts—how quickly the effects intensify—has dropped dramatically. Initially, the doubling time was around 100 years. However, over the last few decades, it has shortened to 10 years and more recently to just 2 years.

This means the damage from climate change this year is twice as bad as it was two years ago, and in another two years, it could be four times worse. Unfortunately, the sharp decrease in the doubling period doesn’t appear to be an anomaly, especially given the unprecedented events we’re witnessing this year, even during a La Niña phase. If this trend continues, the consequences will be far more devastating than originally anticipated.

Human-induced climate change is a dynamic element of an intricate and chaotic system, accelerating global warming in a complex and exponential manner. Over the period from 1992 to 2023 (update 2024), our climate model has presented evidence, proposed solutions, and engaged millions in understanding this escalating crisis. The data reveals that human activities are rapidly deteriorating our environment.

Our climate model employs chaos theory to assess human impacts. Global warming is driven by increased thermal energy within the climate system, a complex web of interconnected subsystems. Previous models often failed to account for “social-ecological systems,” where human activity significantly alters climate dynamics.

Tipping points are Critical Milestones that directly impact the rate of acceleration in climate change by multiplying the number and intensity of feedback loops. Identifying and understanding these tipping points is crucial for climate science and policymaking. Crossing multiple tipping points has led to the domino effect, resulting in a much more rapid and severe climate change than currently projected.

Push a glass toward the edge of a table and eventually it will fall off on its own. No matter how slowly or meticulously you push… no matter how you weight or fill the glass, it will reach a tipping point and fall off before being pushed completely off the table. No matter whether you believe the glass is half-empty or half-full, when the tipping point is reached it will plummet out-of-control to its end. This is science not fate, faith, nor belief. Human induced climate change has resulted in environmental tipping points being breached.

The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderClimate Change’s Impact on Florida Insurance

Posted on by admin

Hurricane Milton is expected to cause over $100 billion in insurance claims, creating even more challenges for Florida homeowners in obtaining insurance. On top of that, the cost to the public and government is projected to exceed an additional $50 billion, adding to the financial strain on taxpayers and the state. Much of the damage from Milton came from the powerful winds and the unprecedented number of tornadoes it spawned. The eastern side of Florida saw the most severe impacts, with over 30 tornadoes causing extensive damage and the highest number of fatalities and potential financial losses.

Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, Florida’s state-backed insurer, has become the largest insurance provider in the state due to the exodus of private insurance companies. Many companies are pulling out due to increasing risks from hurricanes and other extreme weather events driven by climate change. Citizens, however, faces significant financial strain. As hurricane damage grows more frequent and severe, Florida taxpayers are likely to face an unsustainable burden in covering reconstruction costs. The situation highlights the ongoing vulnerability of Florida’s real estate market, and if you haven’t already sold property in the state, it might be a case of better late than never.

The growing frequency and intensity of storms, combined with the financial instability of the insurance industry in Florida, make future investments in the region highly risky. As climate change continues to escalate, the risks are only expected to worsen.

It’s important to note that the degree of risk varies by region and property type. Some areas may experience more immediate and severe impacts, while others may be more resilient. Assessing and mitigating these risks require a comprehensive understanding of local climate vulnerabilities and the implementation of strategies to enhance property resilience. Policymakers, real estate professionals, and property owners are increasingly recognizing the importance of addressing climate risks to ensure the long-term sustainability and value of real estate assets. Thus, our recommendation to evacuate Florida now (i.e. Managed Retreat).

* Our climate model employs chaos theory to comprehensively consider human impacts and projects a potential global average temperature increase of 9℃ above pre-industrial levels.

Hurricane Milton / October 9, 2024
Hurricane Milton / October 9, 2024

How is All Real Estate at Risk From Climate Change?

Flood Insurance

The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderRaindrops Are Increasing in Size Due to Climate Change

Posted on by admin

By Daniel Brouse
October 1, 2024

There is growing evidence that raindrops are increasing in size due to climate change and rising temperatures. Several studies suggest that global warming is influencing precipitation patterns, including the size and intensity of raindrops. Here’s a summary of the key points:

1. Increased Water Vapor in the Atmosphere

  • Warmer air holds more moisture, as described by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. For every 1°C (1.8°F) rise in temperature, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more water vapor. This increased moisture can result in larger raindrops, as more water is available for cloud formation and precipitation.

2. Enhanced Convection

  • Rising temperatures lead to stronger convection (vertical air movement), which is a key process in storm formation. Stronger updrafts can suspend larger water droplets in the atmosphere for longer periods, allowing them to grow before falling as rain. This can lead to larger raindrops in storms.

3. Heavier Rainfall Events

  • There has been a documented increase in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events globally. Larger and heavier raindrops are more likely in such events because more water is being concentrated in intense, short bursts of rain. For example, a study by the U.S. National Climate Assessment found that heavy rainfall has increased in many regions of the United States, especially in the Northeast.

4. Studies and Observations

  • Satellite observations and ground-based radar data have detected an increase in the size of raindrops over certain regions. A study published in Nature Communications in 2020 showed that storm systems in tropical and subtropical regions were producing larger raindrops as global temperatures increased.
  • In urban areas, which experience localized warming due to the “urban heat island” effect, researchers have observed both an increase in rainfall intensity and larger raindrops compared to rural areas.

5. Impact of Aerosols

  • Climate change also affects the distribution and concentration of aerosols in the atmosphere. These tiny particles serve as nuclei around which raindrops form. With more aerosols in some regions due to human activities, raindrops can take longer to coalesce, potentially leading to larger drops as they fall.

6. Feedback Loops

  • The increase in extreme weather events, such as tropical storms and hurricanes, which are intensified by climate change, also leads to heavier rain with larger raindrops. These storms draw more water vapor from the warming oceans, contributing to bigger raindrops when they make landfall.

Conclusion:

While more research is ongoing, there is substantial evidence that climate change is leading to larger raindrops due to increased atmospheric moisture, enhanced convection, and more intense storm systems. These changes contribute to more severe rainfall events, which are linked to greater flooding and erosion.

Violent Rain
What turns these severe weather events into ‘violent rain events’ is the application of the drag equation and flow dynamics.

Mass and velocity are just part of the equation; density also plays a key role. The combination of these variables increases the intensity of flow forces. Wind and water forces scale with the square of velocity, meaning that as flow speeds increase—due to more intense heating or heavier rainfall—the damage scales accordingly. According to drag physics, force is proportional to density times the square of velocity (v2v2).

About the Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderViolent Rain: Helene Update

Posted on by admin

By Daniel Brouse
September 30, 2024

If you’re wondering why rain-related severe weather events are becoming more frequent and intense, it’s due to climate change. Rising temperatures increase the amount of humidity in the atmosphere, as warmer air holds more moisture. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation shows that for every 1°C (1.8°F) increase in temperature, the air can hold about 7% more water vapor.

Many areas in the U.S. are experiencing average temperature increases of up to 10°C, extending over more weeks during both spring and fall. This increase allows the atmosphere to hold about 70% more water vapor, leading to significantly more rainfall. Additionally, raindrops are becoming larger and falling faster, which increases their momentum. Using the formula p=mv (momentum = mass × velocity), larger and faster raindrops carry more energy.

Moreover, the number of raindrops is also increasing. A higher concentration of raindrops in a given time and area further boosts momentum. For example, if N raindrops, each with mass m and velocity v, hit a surface area A per second, the total momentum impacting the surface is Nmv per second. This contributes to increased force and damage during rainstorms.

The end result is an increase not only in the frequency and intensity of storms but also in the momentum of falling rain, which intensifies their impact.

Violent Rain
What turns these severe weather events into ‘violent rain events’ is the application of the drag equation and flow dynamics.

Mass and velocity are just part of the equation; density also plays a key role. The combination of these variables increases the intensity of flow forces. Wind and water forces scale with the square of velocity, meaning that as flow speeds increase — due to more intense heating or heavier rainfall — the damage scales accordingly. According to drag physics, force is proportional to density times the square of velocity.

For example, a 20-mile-an-hour wind exerts four times the force of a 10-mile-an-hour wind, while a 40-mile-an-hour wind exerts 16 times the force of a 10-mile-an-hour wind. At 50 miles an hour, the force is 25 times greater, and at 60 miles an hour, it’s 36 times greater than at 10 miles an hour. Now, add the density factor: water is about 800 times denser than air, so a 10-mile-an-hour water flow exerts 800 times the force of a 10-mile-an-hour wind.

As flow velocities increase due to climate change, the forces — and thus the damage — scale with the square of the velocities. While we may not know precisely how much velocities will rise with climate change, we’re already seeing the effects: overwhelmed flood and sewage systems, collapsing hillsides, and more.

About the Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderPolitical Overview of Economics

Posted on by admin

The latest economic analysis of the presidential candidates suggests that Trump’s fiscal policies could increase the federal deficit by an estimated $7-10 trillion over the next decade, primarily due to his proposed tax cuts and spending plans. Trump’s approach centers on lowering taxes, particularly for high-income earners and corporations, while increasing defense and infrastructure spending. This combination is likely to drive the deficit up significantly without matching revenue increases. Additionally, Trump plans to shift the tax burden from income-based taxes to consumption taxes, which disproportionately impacts lower- and middle-income households, as consumption taxes tend to be regressive.

In contrast, Kamala Harris’s fiscal policies are projected to have a much smaller effect on the federal deficit, with some analyses suggesting her approach may be close to net-neutral. Harris emphasizes maintaining and slightly increasing government revenue by raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations, while also focusing on targeted spending, such as expanding healthcare and education access.

However, it’s important to note that economic forecasts have limitations, particularly when considering non-concrete policy claims. For example, statements about “going after corporate gouging” or “building affordable housing” are often more rhetorical than substantive, as the details necessary to evaluate the financial feasibility of these promises are lacking. Consequently, these claims are typically excluded from rigorous economic projections because they lack clear policy frameworks or mechanisms for implementation.

This discrepancy between promises and reality is a common challenge in political economic analysis, as voters are often presented with grand ideas that may not withstand financial scrutiny.

Tariffs, Inflation, and the Climate
While the “Inflation Reduction Act” includes substantial subsidies for electric vehicles (EVs), Biden has maintained Trump’s China tariffs, and even imposed a 25% tariff on Chinese EVs, citing unsubstantiated claims that China is subsidizing its EV manufacturers. Another significant issue is the unfounded rhetoric around “corporate price gouging,” when the real culprit is supply and demand. Consumers’ insatiable appetite for mass consumption is what drives prices up, and it’s also a key factor in the looming climate catastrophe.

Climate-related inflation is a very real economic issue. For example, homeowners’ insurance has increased by 34% in the past five years, largely due to climate-related disasters. And this is just the beginning. In fact, it’s estimated that 25% of properties in the U.S. may become uninsurable within the next decade. Given this reality, claims about building affordable housing are unrealistic unless these foundational issues are addressed. These are the kinds of economic challenges that need to be tackled before I can give my endorsement.

Accepting Accountability
The government’s actions reveal a troubling mix of ignorance and indifference, turning what were once “worst-case” climate predictions into our current “best-case” scenarios. Updated climate models, now incorporating social-ecological factors, project that global temperatures could rise by as much as 9°C within this century — a drastic increase compared to previous estimates of a 4°C rise over the next millennium. Such extreme warming could push the planet toward a critical “wet-bulb” temperature threshold, where heat and humidity exceed the human body’s capacity to cool itself, posing severe and potentially lethal health risks. The need for decisive and immediate action has never been more urgent as climate change continues to spiral beyond control.

Unfortunately, that’s the reality. The root of the problem lies with us — the people. Government officials simply reflect our choices. Until consumer demands become more socially responsible, we’ll continue to get exactly what we want — and deserve. Each person bears the responsibility to minimize pollution, discontinue the use of fossil fuels, reduce consumption, and foster a culture of love and care. Only then can we drive the collective action needed to address the climate crisis and build a sustainable future.

Additional Resources
While biogeophysical factors can be studied using math, physics, and historical records, socio-economic systems pose greater challenges due to the unintended consequences of human behavior and inexplicable consumer choices.

Have you ever seen A Beautiful Mind, the movie about John Forbes Nash Jr.? One of our earlier papers on climate change, “The Golden Rule’s Social Justification,” draws heavily on Nash’s Nobel-winning work on Game Theory. Interestingly, it aligns closely with other core scientific, moral, and ethical principles. For a societal view, see the companion paper, Never Wake a Sleeping Giant.

Business & Economics

bookmark_borderSouth Korea: Climate Law Fails to Protect Basic Rights

Posted on by admin

South Korea’s top court ruled in August of 2024 that the country’s climate change law does not adequately protect basic human rights and lacks sufficient targets to safeguard future generations. This landmark decision comes after activists accused the government of failing to effectively address the climate crisis.

Since 2020, more than 200 plaintiffs, including young climate activists and even infants, filed petitions to the Constitutional Court. They argued that the government was violating citizens’ human rights by not taking sufficient action against climate change. The ruling was met with emotional responses from plaintiffs, activists, and lawyers, who celebrated with cheers, tears, and applause, chanting slogans like, “The verdict is not the end, but the beginning.”

Han Je-ah, a 12-year-old plaintiff, expressed hope that the ruling would lead to broader change: “I hope today’s decision will lead to a bigger change so that children do not have to file this kind of constitutional appeal,” she told reporters. “The climate crisis is having a huge impact on our lives, and there is no time to delay.”

Kim Young-hee, a lawyer representing the plaintiffs, called the decision “an important milestone for society’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.” The court criticized South Korea’s Carbon Neutrality Act, originally enacted in 2010 and later revised to set emissions targets for 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The court found that the law failed to specify “any quantitative levels” for emissions reductions between 2031 and 2049, effectively leaving future generations with an undue burden.

The court stated, “Since there is no mechanism that can effectively ensure gradual and continuous reductions until 2050, it stipulates reduction targets that would transfer an excessive burden to the future.” The South Korean environment ministry responded by saying it respects the court’s decision and will implement follow-up measures accordingly.

Koh Moon-hyun, a law professor at Soongsil University, noted that the ruling could have global implications: “The court must have looked at rulings in Europe and changed its stance,” he said. “It has created a chance for South Korea to drop its nickname as a climate villain.” The decision is seen as a critical turning point, potentially influencing other countries to strengthen their own climate policies and better protect the rights of future generations.

Loss and damage litigation against oil companies and governments will change world economics.

The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderCanadian Wildfires: Over the Tipping Point

Posted on by admin

by Daniel Brouse
August 28, 2024

A study published in the Journal Nature found Canada’s 2023 wildfires released more carbon into the atmosphere than the annual emissions of all but three countries, underscoring a troubling trend. A new study raises serious concerns that Canada’s forests, long considered crucial carbon sinks, may no longer reliably absorb carbon in the long term.

This signals a dangerous acceleration of global warming, pushing us over a tipping point. Permafrost, once thought to be a stable, frozen barrier, is now thawing and burning year-round, releasing even more carbon and methane into the atmosphere. The resulting domino effect exacerbates climate instability, leading to more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and declining air quality.

These human-driven changes are not just ecological crises — they pose direct threats to human health, increasing the likelihood of premature death due to heatwaves, pollution, and the cascading impacts of an increasingly volatile climate.

The Study: Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires

Abstract
The 2023 Canadian forest fires have been extreme in scale and intensity with more than seven times the average annual area burned compared to the previous four decades. Here, we quantify the carbon emissions from these fires from May to September 2023 on the basis of inverse modelling of satellite carbon monoxide observations. We find that the magnitude of the carbon emissions is 647 TgC (570–727 TgC), comparable to the annual fossil fuel emissions of large nations, with only India, China and the USA releasing more carbon per year. We find that widespread hot–dry weather was a principal driver of fire spread, with 2023 being the warmest and driest year since at least 1980. Although temperatures were extreme relative to the historical record, climate projections indicate that these temperatures are likely to be typical during the 2050s, even under a moderate climate mitigation scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway, SSP 2–4.5). Such conditions are likely to drive increased fire activity and suppress carbon uptake by Canadian forests, adding to concerns about the long-term durability of these forests as a carbon sink.

About Feedback Loops and Tipping Points

Tipping cascades have emerged between biogeophysical and social-ecological systems. This Domino Effect is causing climate change to accelerate at an exponential rate.

Tipping points are Critical Milestones that directly impact the rate of acceleration in climate change by multiplying the number and intensity of feedback loops. Identifying and understanding these tipping points is crucial for climate science and policymaking. Crossing multiple tipping points could lead to a domino effect, resulting in a much more rapid and severe climate change than currently projected.

Tipping Points

Push a glass toward the edge of a table and eventually it will fall off on its own. No matter how slowly or meticulously you push… no matter how you weight or fill the glass, it will reach a tipping point and fall off before being pushed completely off the table. No matter whether you believe the glass is half-empty or half-full, when the tipping point is reached it will plummet out-of-control to its end. This is science not fate, faith, nor belief. Human induced climate change has resulted in environmental tipping points being breached.

Tipping points, when crossed, trigger self-sustaining feedback loops that are no longer dependent on human activity. Similar to when a domino topples over hitting two more dominoes that in turn fall hitting more dominoes. Thus, the name The Domino Effect. It can also be visualized as The Snowball Effect. A tipping point is like a snowball rolling down a hill growing in mass and velocity (momentum). When a tipping point is crossed, it results in cumulative and reinforced global warming.

The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment