bookmark_borderScientists Say No to Chemtrails

by Daniel Brouse

You can go on the internet just about any day and see conspiracy theories about chemtrails. There are those who believe governments are poisoning the population by spraying chemicals out of airplanes. One scientist decided to do a peer-reviewed study after searching the internet for scientific facts about chemtrails and finding none.

Together with a group of other scientists, they produced a peer-reviewed study in Environmental Research Letters that debunks chemtrails. The 77 scientists concluded that chemtrails are actually water vapor known as contrails. Contrails are condensation trails produced at high altitudes as water vapor passes through jet engine propellers, condenses and freezes.

Quantifying expert consensus against the existence of a secret, large-scale atmospheric spraying program
Results: “In response to the general question of whether they have ever encountered evidence that indicates the existence of SLAP, 76 of the total 77 expert respondents (98.7%) answered no.”

Contrails Vs. Chemtrails

Top Myths Busted

bookmark_borderContrails Versus Chemtrails

by Daniel Brouse

When jet engines fly across the sky, there are two different things that happen. Both are likely causing harm to the environment. Neither are being done on purpose. That is to say — there is no conspiracy to spray chemicals. There is no such thing as intentional “chemtrails”.

What is really happening?

#1 — Jet fuel combustion. The jet fuel exhaust that you can’t see is CO2, particulates and gases which contribute to human induced climate change. They are a major cause of global warming and ocean acidification. The European Union states, “Aviation is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Someone flying from London to New York and back generates roughly the same level of emissions as the average person in the EU does by heating their home for a whole year.”

In 2013, aircraft accounted for nearly 11 percent of carbon dioxide emissions from the U.S. transportation sector, making them responsible for about 3 percent of total U.S. carbon dioxide emissions. (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions)

#2 — Water vapor. Jet engines at high altitude, under certain atmospheric conditions, condense water into droplets to form Condensation trails (contrails). These contrails are the clouds that you can see with the naked eye. Dr. Sidd Mukherjee of the Membrane Domain says, “It is clear that contrails contribute to warming (form high level cirrus that blocks more outgoing radiation than incoming solar) and this effect was seen when air traffic was suspended in 2001.”

Another effect recently studied is caused by jet exhausts generating a layer of ice crystals, ice haze, that promotes a more diffuse type of light. Chuck Long, from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said what was occurring is an example of “accidental geoengineering”. He said, “If you look up the definition of geoengineering, it includes large-scale manipulation of parts of the climate system or the environment, and I believe this ice haze from jet traffic does satisfy that requirement.”

The ice haze is scattering the light as it falls on the Earth. The researchers do not think the “sub-visual contrail-generated ice haze” has a major effect on global warming; however, it may have some significant effects on biology, says Prof. Martin Wild of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Plants prefer diffuse light. Mr. Wild explained, “If you have a canopy structure, the direct light is absorbed by the uppermost leaves. Everything below is shaded and so misses out on that energy. But diffuse light can travel deeper into the canopy and can be absorbed by the plants lower down. So in that sense, if you have more diffuse light those lower plants will profit.” What is good for low level plants may be bad for solar panels: “If you’re decreasing the direct light, then you’re decreasing the energy available for those concentrator systems.”

bookmark_borderTop Myths Busted

by Daniel Brouse

1. GMO Foods Are Bad
2. Sandy Hook Was a Drill
3. 9/11 Was a Government Conspiracy
4. Contrails Contain Chemicals (Chemtrails)
5. [Request your myth to be busted.]

1. GMO Foods Are Bad
Humans have been genetically modifying foods for thousands of years. There is no evidence that eating GMO food is more harmful. Recently, GMO plants have been improved significantly and have been purposely modified for increased health benefits. Purple carrots that contain anthocyanins are an example. If you have any concerns about GMO’s, instead of spreading rumors… grow your own food!

2. Sandy Hook Was a Drill
In the aftermath of the Sandy Hill shootings, there was initial oversight by the State Police. This caused some confusion in the mass media with information that was being provided by the local police and the federal agencies. That is not to say that there have not been live action drills in the USA. In 1999, the military lowered armed troops from Blackhawk helicopters into the city of Camden with live ammo. Another example is the coordinated dismantling of Occupy Philly and Occupy Oakland by Homeland Security. The point being — it was obvious to everyone when it was a drill. The eye-witnesses in Sandy Hook make it evident this was not staged by the military.

3. 9/11 Was a Government Conspiracy
The 9/11 conspiracy crowd tends to focus on how buildings in New York collapsed. As far as scientists can tell, they collapsed in ways consistent with the unique event. Those perpetuating the conspiracy myth tend to leave out the other two sites. The plane that came down in Pennsylvania was occupied by the former quarterback of West Chester University. He is the one that yelled “Let’s roll!” before the passengers tried to take the plane back. He has become a local hero. There are also witnesses in Washington at the the Pentagon. If you have a doubt, try explaining Cantor Fitzgerald.

4. Contrails Contain Chemicals (Chemtrails)
The clouds that are formed from air passing through jet engines and being super-cooled are called contrails. They contain only H2O from the atmosphere. That is not to say that chemicals don’t come out of planes. They do. It is known as exhaust and usually can’t be seen with the naked eye. The exhaust comes out of a different part of the plane and is completely separate from the contrails; however, the exhaust from jets is a significant problem and is scheduled to be the first worldwide tax:

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) — The aviation sector will attempt to negotiate by 2016 a market-based mechanism (taxes, tradeable permits or carbon offsets) to tackle emissions from flying.

bookmark_borderAre Bio-fuels Worse for the Environment?

by Daniel Brouse
The Membrane Domain

Q: Are bio-fuels, ethanol, and re-cycled restaurant oils worse for the environment?
A: Yes.

The more volatile nature and ozone emissions used as a fossil fuel substitute appear to be much more harmful to the environment than fossil fuels.  Though fossil fuels need to be eliminated as soon as possible, care should be taken.

 

CALIFORNIA, USA — State officials have argued since 1999 that the volatility of ethanol, a fuel blend made from corn that evaporates easily, contributes to smog by increasing ozone levels and adding particulates to the air.

 

REFERENCES:
End The Use Of Bio-fuels

Does Ethanol Use Result in More Air Pollution? More Bad Ozone?

Dying Trees

Land and Water Degradation Lead to Food Shortages