Category Archives: Environment

Environment

The Future of Energy Is Not Static

By Daniel BrouseEconomist & ClimatologistMembrane Domain USAAugust 10, 2026 I’m not certain what the future holds. I don’t think anyone can be. But I’m also not convinced that the future of fossil fuels can be projected simply by looking at today’s production levels and assuming they will continue indefinitely. There is a very real possibility […]

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Science Is Science: Confronting Denialism and Ecofascism

About Denialism and Ecofascism: Science Is Science The ObservationGlad to know you’re watching out! At the same time, this divisiveness—when we desperately need everyone to pull together because it’s a CRISIS, right?—makes me somehow deeply sad. That’s a big job right there… How do we reach those who seem furthest away from any kind of […]

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The Humidity Paradox: Why a Warmer Atmosphere Is Getting Wetter—and Drier at the Same Time

by Daniel Brouse Absolute humidity—the total amount of water vapor in the air—is increasing globally as the climate warms. The fundamental physics is straightforward: according to the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship, warmer air can hold substantially more water vapor. For every 1°C (1.8°F) of warming, the atmosphere’s water-holding capacity increases by roughly 7%. As human-caused greenhouse gas […]

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Real Estate Climate Risk Models

by Daniel Brouse and Sidd Mukherjee Background Sidd said: “frightening article by Jeff Masters. We saw some of this coming, the flood risk aint justalong the coast, it extends 100 miles inland…the water cant get out …” https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2026/08/the-floods-of-the-future-wont-come-one-at-a-time/ In the 1990s, Sidd and I began developing real-estate-based climate risk models. From the beginning, one of […]

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Global Real Estate Climate Risk: A Multiplicative Vulnerability Ranking

by Daniel Brouse and Sidd Mukherjee The Multiplicative Climate Risk Formula The Multiplicative Climate Risk Formula is a real-estate climate-risk model designed to capture how multiple hazards and vulnerabilities can interact and compound rather than occur independently. The framework incorporates interconnected risks including sea-level rise, storm surge, extreme precipitation, flooding, hydroclimatic whiplash, wildfires, drought, extreme […]

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Coupled Climate Feedbacks and Cascading Real Estate Risk

by Daniel Brouse and Sidd Mukherjee How Compound Flooding Is Reshaping Property Values, Insurance Availability, and Coastal Habitability Climate change is creating a new class of real-estate risk in which the physical hazards of flooding increasingly interact with financial, insurance, infrastructure, and housing systems. Sea-level rise, heavier precipitation, and more intense or slower-moving hurricanes are […]

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High-Risk U.S. Real Estate Regions Under the Multiplicative Climate Risk Framework

by Daniel Brouse and Sidd Mukherjee The Multiplicative Climate Risk Formula The Multiplicative Climate Risk Formula is a real-estate climate-risk model designed to capture how multiple hazards and vulnerabilities can interact and compound rather than occur independently. The framework incorporates interconnected risks including sea-level rise, storm surge, extreme precipitation, flooding, hydroclimatic whiplash, wildfires, drought, extreme […]

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Emerging Coupled Feedback Loops Tip Tipping Points

by Daniel Brouse and Sidd Mukherjee Coupled Climate Feedbacks: How Tipping Points Can Trigger Cascading Earth-System Instability From Tipping Elements to Cascading Feedbacks In 2008, a landmark climate-science paper, “Tipping Elements in the Earth’s Climate System,” brought renewed attention to the possibility that major components of the Earth system could undergo abrupt and potentially irreversible […]

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Feedback Examples

by Daniel Brouse and Sidd Mukherjee Examples of complex feedback loop coupling: Two of the most important are the lapse-rate feedback and the ice–albedo feedback. They operate through different physical mechanisms, but they are tightly coupled: Lapse-Rate Feedback → Traps Heat Near the Surface Ice–Albedo Feedback → Converts More Sunlight Into Heat Together, they create […]

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Water Vapor, Clouds, and Climate Change: Two Very Different and Connected Feedbacks

by Daniel Brouse Water vapor and clouds are closely related, but they are not the same thing—and they play very different roles in the climate system. Water vapor is Earth’s most abundant and most important natural greenhouse gas. As the climate warms, the atmosphere can hold more water vapor, creating a powerful positive feedback: warming […]

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