Tag: treatment

bookmark_borderLong-COVID and Environmental Aggravators

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by Daniel Brouse
help@membrane.com

Exercise aggravates long-COVID symptoms. COVID causes changes to your genes making it harder to create NAD+ and quicker to consume NAD+. Normally, exercise helps boost your NAD+. Not with long-COVID. The inflammation caused by exercise, anxiety, or exertion causes a rapid depletion of NAD+ aggravating long-COVID symptoms and perpetuating the downward cycle in NAD+ levels. So, Long Haulers should limit their activity until their NAD+ deficiency is under control.

What other factors can impact the severity of your long-COVID symptoms? We know anything that depletes NAD+ will cause problems. Aging, Hypertension, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and other ailments result in suboptimal NAD+. But, what about your environment?

We know long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of death from COVID-19 by 20 times. Another reason why wearing a mask in the out-of-doors is a good idea. Completely avoid outside exposure on air quality alert days.

I have been conducting research and development on two other environmental factors — elevation and temperature.

ELEVATION I — Change in Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation is the number of feet above sea level on which you stand. The bio-hacker experiment I’ve been conducting takes me from 400 feet above sea level to 1,400 feet above sea level. The more rapid the change from higher elevations to lower elevation, then the worse my long-COVID symptoms. All systems feel an impact; however, the middle ear takes the brunt of the punishment. Brain fog, dizziness, tinnitus, ear aches, vertigo, and pressure in the ears are all amplified in their severity. I just did a 24 hour experiment and am beginning to think it has to do with pressure. Perhaps O2 (oxygen in the blood) as well, but more to do with “atmospheric pressure and sea level.” The symptoms seem to lag behind the increase in pressure.

Dr. Ade Wentzel said, “The epigenetic upregulation of IDO will determine the amount of quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid comes from the kynurenine pathway. If the viscosity of the whole middle ear is increased then the ability to equalize will be less… same as having a cold. So, the ear isn’t equalizing correctly on increasing pressure. The same as when you land in a plane. If the viscosity in the semicircular canals is increased, the otoliths may well be lagging causing the vertigo. The otoliths usually “Float” in the semicircular canal and trigger tiny sensory hairs that allow you to detect position.”

“IDO (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) is an immune checkpoint molecule in the sense that it is an immunomodulatory enzyme produced by alternatively activated macrophages and other immunoregulatory cells. IDO is known to suppress T and NK cells, generate Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and also supports angiogenesis.’ (Wikipedia)

It is possible that changes in the weather that cause changes in atmospheric pressure (Lows and Highs) may result in the same problems. This happened to me with weather systems over the weekend (August 22, 2021.) A very low pressure system (hurricane Henri) passed by followed by a high pressure system. The following 2 days I suffered from brain fog, dizziness, tinnitus, ear aches, vertigo, and pressure in the ears.

ELEVATION II — Oxygen Desaturation
People that go to higher elevations — above 4,900 feet — start to have more problems with High Altitude Oxygenation. “High altitudes can cause low oxygen saturation levels or desaturation of an individual’s blood.” Changing elevations at higher than 4,900 feet might cause both oxygen desaturation and atmospheric pressure problems.

COVID causes a decrease in the “rate of oxygen uptake into the lung to the oxygen gradient between the capillary blood and the alveoli.” Dr. Ade Wentzel said, “We know that the Lung Diffusion co-efficient is increased [by optimizing NAD+ levels].”

TEMPERATURE
The sweet spot is between 50-70 degrees Fahrenheit. The further below 50 degrees the more severe the symptoms. Lower temperatures appear to be a linear relationship. On the other hand, temperatures above 70 degrees appear to have an exponential relationship. That is to say, if 80 degrees causes symptoms to be twice as bad, 90 degrees causes symptoms to be four times as severe.

CONCLUSION
Mountain hiking in 90 degree temperatures (exercise at higher elevations in the heat) causes unnecessary stress on your system and dramatically increases your chances of a negative outcome.

MORE ON COVID: COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

bookmark_borderPost-Acute COVID-19 — COVID Long Haulers Syndrome

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Guy A. Richards1, Adrian Wentzel2, Robert Miller

Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae
Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae


 

COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity Wentzel, Miller, Richards
COVID-19: NAD+ Deficiency by Wentzel, Miller, Richards (PDF)

Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia with NAD+ in a mouse model Jiang, Deng, Ma, Pang, Hu, Qin, Xu
COVID-19 in Mice / NAD+ (PDF)

Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae

COVID Sequelae
COVID Sequelae
AIMMS seminar 23 June | Role of NAD+ in (long)Covid - Part 1: Prof. Guy Richards - Clinical perspective
AIMMS seminar 23 June | Role of NAD+ in (long)Covid – Part 1: Prof. Guy Richards – Clinical perspective

AIMMS seminar 23 June | Role of NAD+ in (long)Covid – Part 2: Dr. Ade Wentzel – Pathophysiology and Treatment of Long-Covid + Q&A

AIMMS seminar 23 June | Role of NAD+ in (long)Covid - Part 2: Dr. Ade Wentzel - Pathophysiology and Treatment of Long-Covid + Q&A
AIMMS seminar 23 June | Role of NAD+ in (long)Covid – Part 2: Dr. Ade Wentzel – Pathophysiology and Treatment of Long-Covid + Q&A

MORE ON COVID
The Vitamin Stack / Long Haulers Treatment

COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

 

bookmark_borderCOVID-19: A Survivor’s Story

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by Daniel Brouse

(Also see the update: 3 Years of Living With It)

I am a scientist and journalist publishing articles and papers since 1994. As part of a collective of scientists, we have been working on the greatest threat to humankind — humans. Much of my effort has been spent on Anthropogenic Climate Change. In addition, I have specialized in pollution, diseases, health and wellness.

In late December 2019 and early January 2020, I started studying a novel coronavirus discovered in Wuhan, China. My first paper on the subject was published in March 2020 entitled “COVID-19 and Air Pollution”.

In late January of 2020, I had been very ill with an upper respiratory illness. The same illness killed my father. At the time, COVID-19 had not been known in the USA. Since there was no test for COVID, the doctors could not diagnose the specific virus that caused my father’s death. It wasn’t until my recurring symptoms were diagnosed as “COVID Long Haulers” in May of 2020 that I knew I was suffering the aftermath of COVID-19.

The recurring symptoms were so concerning that I devoted all of my resources to studying COVID-long and searching for a cure. Every couple of weeks I went through a wave of symptoms. Though not as severe as the original illness, the symptoms still would render me useless. The symptoms did not come on all at the same time, rather they would cycle through over two weeks (not necessarily in the same order) and then repeat. Exercise and exertion would cause the symptoms to be more severe. The symptoms included:

* difficulty breathing (feeling like you’re not taking in enough oxygen)
* congestion / mild cough
* stomach issues / diarrhea
* loss of taste, smell, and appetite
* temperature regulation / night sweats
* nightmares / vivid dreams
* dizziness / the spins / foggy thinking
* headaches / body aches / soreness
* fatigue
* ear aches
* peripheral neuropathy (tingling of the hands and feet)

My concerns were several. Would the symptoms go away over time? As the months went on, the answer was no. Would the long term recurrence of systems cause a permanent disability? The answer is probably yes. My organs were sustaining progressive damage. Respiratory, circulatory, neurological, and renal damage, as well as, blood clots, thinning and leaky blood vessels in the brain tissue, and death have all been attributed to COVID and COVID-long.

In my pursuit of answers, I found another long hauler scientist, Dr. Ade Wentzel. Ade proved to me that my hypothesis of “COVID-19 Long Haulers: autoimmune response due to inactive particles of the virus” was incorrect. Rather, he demonstrated that sars-cov-2 causes COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP).

The main culprit is believed to be COVID’s genetic change to our production and utilization of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD+ is involved in cell creation, maintenance, metabolism, and regulating cell processes. COVID can chronically increase the breakdown of NAD+ and simultaneously decrease the production of NAD+.

Ade added, “The biggest function of NAD+ is as a cofactor for energy(atp) production via the citric acid cycle. NAD+ is essential for carbohydrate metabolism. The brain being highly dependent on carbs.”

NAD+ and the Citric Acid Cycle
NAD+ and the Citric Acid Cycle

Ade introduced me to one of the co-authors of his research, Robert Miller. In October of 2020, Ade and Robert started me on “the stack”. The vitamin stack helps correct the NAD+ malady by treating COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra. Finding the correct form and dosage of Niacin was the most challenging part.

Within days of starting the stack, my COVID-long symptoms dissipated. Since that time, I have remained relatively symptom free EXCEPT when I tried reducing the Niacin dosage. On three separate occasions, I experimented with reducing the dosage of Niacin. All three times my symptoms returned; therefore, I would call the stack a treatment not a cure.

Since that time, I have successfully helped thousands of other COVID-long victims with the stack.

At the end of April, I received my first dose of the Moderna vaccine. Loss of taste and muscle soreness symptoms returned for 24 hours and then disappeared. My overall wellness appears to have improved. Now, I’m experimenting with reducing my Niacin dosage again to see if the vaccine helped my body recover its ability to produce and retain NAD+.

After several days of reduced Niacin (nicotinic acid dosage was reduced from 300-500mg/day down to 0-30mg day), symptoms returned: neuropathy, fatigue, brain fog, muscle soreness, difficulty breathing, GI track / stomach issues, ear aches, and allergy-like symptoms. The most notable symptom to return — headaches. Prior to COVID, I did not experience headaches. Within days of decreasing the dosage, a chronic headache returned. I increased the Niacin dosage back to 500mg/day and supplemented the stack with resveratrol. Symptoms immediately dissipated.

After the second shot, side-effects were slightly worse. The metallic taste returned within a couple hours. For the 12-24 hours post-vaccination, there was dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Then, all the side-effects disappeared. Three months after being fully vaccinated all of my presenting symptoms dissipated. Other “silent” post COVID conditions have persisted since the initial infection.

See the update: 3 Years of Living With It

CISP and The Stack

MORE ON COVID: COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

bookmark_borderCOVID-19 Testimonial Update — 1 Year Later

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January 19, 2021
Today is my one year anniversary of catching COVID-19.
* 24 hours later I started feeling weird — upset stomach and vertigo. Difficulty in falling to sleep with the “spins”.

* Woke up the next morning feeling like I had a severe hangover — headache, body ache, fatigue.

* 72 hours later I could not get out of bed and went 3 or 4 days without a memory.

* For the next 2 weeks I had severe symptoms including nightmares, night sweats, loss of smell and taste, difficulty breathing, cough, fatigue, muscle aches, and then finally diarrhea.

* On February 9, COVID took my father’s life.

* Over the next several months I noticed a recurring pattern of symptoms that would come in waves.

* On May 15, I was diagnosed with COVID Long Haulers Syndrome. My doctor informed me there was no known treatment.

* August of 2020, I met Dr. Ade Wentzel and debated the cause of long haulers — autoimmune response due to inactive particles of the virus Vs. COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP). I started the Vitamin stack but was taking the wrong type of B3.

* October 15, 2020 I start taking the right type of B3 — nicotinic acid. Immediately, I was relieved of my severe symptoms.

* January 19, 2021:
I’m doing well. I keep pushing myself too hard and some mild symptoms return. Also, I tried reducing the nicotinic acid to 35mg a day and severe symptoms returned. So, I’m sticking to 400mg/day and trying not to push too hard. I am thinking there must be some serious long term cell damage?

The main mild symptom is GI related. Kind of hard to explain… sort-of a feeling of lack of control… like I might piss or poop my pants (but I don’t). I still get muscle soreness that seems more sore than I should from mild exertion. Of particular concern is my lower back and my kidneys.

I also seem to get partial night sweats. Unlike when I had COVID and got it all over my body, now it just happens to my head or parts of my body (last night it was behind my knees.) It’s weird… similar weirdness with my preexisting peripheral neuropathy. I’ve seen much improvement on the stack with virtually no pain nor pins-and-needles. But, sometimes pins-and-needles show up in parts of some fingers (not the entire hands and feet like before.) So, it seems the NAD+ regulation is not uniform over my entire body.

Overall I’m actually better than I was before getting COVID. However, when I tried reducing the nicotinic acid, I got diarrhea and headaches and fatigue (much more like when I was severe long hauling.) So, I guess I’m being treated but not cured. Now, I wonder if I will ever be cured?

Ade says, “You will be cured.” …and, is helping me tweak the Vitamin Stack.

Original COVID Testimonial

MORE ON COVID: COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

bookmark_borderCOVID and DNA Damage-mediated PARP Activation

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COVID-19 causes DNA damage. “DNA damage-mediated PARP activation is the cause of NAD+ depletion. The PARP1 inhibitor ABT-888 prevents the increase in PAR levels, NAD+ depletion and CaT loss. These findings confirm that DNA damage-mediated PARP activation is the cause of NAD+ depletion.

PARP1-mediated synthesis of ADP-ribose chains in turn depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), induces further DNA damage and contractile dysfunction. Accordingly, NAD+ replenishment or PARP1 depletion precludes functional loss. Moreover, inhibition of PARP1 protects against tachypacing-induced NAD+ depletion, oxidative stress, DNA damage. [1]

COVID-long Haulers Syndrome is COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP). NAD+ depletion causes the body to take drastic action to create more NAD+ including depleting niacin and tryptophan. Exercise or exertion results in PARP activation causing low NAD+. The exertion will cause cardiac problems from the nutritional deficiency and low serotonin from the use of tryptophan will cause problems with your metabolic regulation. Night sweats, intestinal upset, anxiety, and other symptoms are common.

COVID-19: NAD+ Protocol
NAD+ is a crucial part of the immune system. COVID depletes your NAD+. The body needs the time and materials necessary to replenish NAD+. Included in the elements you need are Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium.

1) DNA damage-induced PARP1 activation confers cardiomyocyte dysfunction through NAD+ depletion in experimental atrial fibrillation

COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus Information

bookmark_borderVitamin and Mineral Supplements

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In general, you should get your vitamins and minerals in the food you eat and water you drink as part of your natural diet.

It is difficult to find a multivitamin that is good for you. Taking metals, such as, Iron, Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, or Calcium as a supplement can be dangerous. Usually Zinc is on the list; however, very controlled amounts of Zinc are recommended for NAD+ deficiencies. Metals are not good in supplements unless advised by a doctor to treat a specific condition. Besides being toxic in supplement form, supplements bypass the important parts of nutrition and the digestive process. For instance, “Fiber is incredibly important. It leaves your stomach undigested and ends up in your colon, where it feeds friendly gut bacteria, leading to various health benefits. Certain types of fiber may also promote weight loss, lower blood sugar levels, and fight constipation.”

You should get all your minerals from the food and water you intake. When you get your minerals from the food you eat, they are part of the metabolic process. The same holds true for hormones and amino acids. Don’t take the supplement. Let your body create them — melatonin, tryptophan, serotonin, Vitamin D. “Essential minerals are most potent when they come from food. But if you’re struggling with deficiencies, you may need to take supplements. If so, use caution: ingesting too much of a mineral supplement can be harmful.” — Harvard Health “Precious metals and other important minerals for health”

The exception to this rule is if you want to prevent COVID or recover from COVID-19. A safe and effective prophylactic to prevent COVID, a treatment for active COVID cases, and a protocol for post-COVID long haulers syndrome is available. The primary ingredient is Niacin B3.

THE PROTOCOL
Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium.

The following doses have cured severe deficiencies in COVID-long cases:
* Vitamin C, Quercetin and Selenium you can get from your diet. Careful not too much Selenium. One (1) Brazil nut a day is adequate Selenium.
* The Vitamin D is best gotten from 15 minutes a day in the sun. You can take 1000iu/day supplement, too.
* A 15mg Zinc/day supplement. Care should be taken not to overdose on Zinc. There are many zinc products which deliver different amounts of free zinc per milligram.
* The Niacin is the trickiest and most important part. You need to make sure you get the right kind of B3. Non-flush is no good. You can start with 35mg/day, but it will depend on your deficiency. The cured long hauler takes 100mg with each meal. (For a 6 month duration.)

Niacin is the most important ingredient in the protocol. Niacin is used to replenish NAD+. The other ingredients can not be processed without NAD+. Taking mega doses of Vitamin C or Vitamin D are of little to no help without NAD+.

The protocol was developed by Dr. Ade Wentzel (Port Elizabeth, South Africa), Robert Miller (Cape Town) and Guy Richards (Johannesburg). They developed the diet based protocol as a result of their research COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity.

MORE ON COVID: COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

bookmark_borderAfter You Recover from COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP) Long Haulers

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Research by Ade Wentzel, Robert Miller, and Guy Richards has found COVID-long (Long Haulers Syndrome) is COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP) and is a result of an NAD+ deficiency caused by COVID-19.

You can boost your NAD+ levels with the Anti-COVID Protocol: Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium

If you were NAD+ deficient prior to COVID and recovered using the Protocol, you should consult with your doctor about any preexisting conditions you were being treated for. If you were on drugs to help regulate your preexisting conditions, you may need to reduce your dosage. Perhaps someone on Lisinopril for high blood pressure, or Warfarin to thin their blood, or maybe Metformin for their type 2 diabetes, should have concern that replenishing your NAD+ will cause the medication to be too strong. You should check with your doctor about lowering your dosage.

Robert Miller said, “Metaformin is a complex 1 inhibitor that will mess with NAD+ redox and NAD+ levels. As for lowering doses, yes, NAD+ boosting is highly likely to create a need to lower some medication but this must be done with a medical professional.”

Ade Wentzel added, “Quercetin and Warfarin should be monitored as the Warfarin effect may be changed. Nicotinic acid can reduce blood pressure and blood sugar in those with raised numbers so this needs to be monitored carefully.”

MORE ON COVID: COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

bookmark_borderCOVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP) and the Coronavirus Code

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By Daniel Brouse
help@membrane.com

Coronavirus / COVID

Three scientists from South Africa have cracked the COVID code. COVID Long Haulers Syndrome is COVID Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP).

By treating the population for pellagra:
* many new COVID cases can be prevented (prophylactic)
* the severity and duration of COVID symptoms can be reduced
* COVID-long Haulers Syndrome can be treated

THE PROTOCOL: Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, Methyltetrahydrofolate, and Selenium.

The dosage depend on your Niacin B3 deficiency. COVID causes a Niacin deficiency. In addition, many people are deficient prior to contracting COVID. These cases often end in death (aged, hypertension, obese, and type2 diabetics.)

The following doses have treated severe niacin and NAD+ deficiencies in COVID-long cases:
* Vitamin C, Quercetin and Selenium you can get from your diet. Careful not too much Selenium. One (1) Brazil nut a day is adequate Selenium.
* The Vitamin D is best gotten from 15 minutes a day in the sun. You can take 1000iu/day supplement, too.
* A 15mg Zinc/day supplement. Care should be taken not to overdose on Zinc. There are many zinc products which deliver different amounts of free zinc per milligram.
* Methyltetrahydrofolate 130-400ug/day
* The Niacin is the trickiest and most important part. You need to make sure you get the right kind of B3. Non-flush is no good. You can start with 35mg/day, but it will depend on your deficiency. The treated long hauler takes 100-150mg with each meal. Supplementation is still necessary for an undetermined amount of time.

Niacin is the most important ingredient in the protocol. Niacin is used to replenish NAD+. The other ingredients can not be processed without NAD+. Taking mega doses of Vitamin C or Vitamin D are of little to no help without NAD+.

The protocol was developed by Dr. Ade Wentzel (Port Elizabeth, South Africa), Robert Miller (Cape Town) and Guy Richards (Johannesburg). They developed the diet based protocol as a result of their research COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity.

This is not the first time the world has seen a pellagra epidemic. “In the early 1900s, pellagra reached epidemic proportions in the American South. Between 1906 and 1940 more than 3 million Americans were affected by pellagra with more than 100,000 deaths, yet the epidemic resolved itself right after dietary niacin fortification.” (Pellagra – Wikipedia)

In 2000, the World Health Organization developed an emergency management plan for pellagra.

WHO Pellagra Prevention and Control (PDF)

MORE ON COVID: COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / Novel Coronavirus

bookmark_borderCOVID-19 Emergency Management Plan

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COVID
by Daniel Brouse
Email: help@membrane.com

THE COVID CRISIS
COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 Novel Coronavirus, is resulting in hundreds-of-thousands of deaths and millions of chronic medical conditions. A safe and effective prophylactic to prevent COVID, a treatment for active COVID cases, and a protocol for post-COVID long haulers syndrome is available. The primary ingredient is Niacin B3 and costs only pennies per day.

Research by Ade Wentzel, Robert Miller, and Guy Richards has found COVID-long (Long Haulers Syndrome) is a result of an NAD+ deficiency caused by COVID-19. [1] The protocol for treating NAD+ deficiencies has been found to be safe and effective in a study conducted on mice. [2}

THE PROTOCOL
Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium

URGENT AID TO THE MOST VULNERABLE
The research proves that people with a preexisting NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) deficiency are at the highest mortality risk — aged, obese and type2 diabetics. Using the Ade/Miller protocol as a prophylactic can substantially reduce mortality in the predisposed.

THE GENERAL POPULATION
The public at large can also benefit from the protocol. The severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms can be greatly minimized by maintaining NAD+ in the body. Symptoms of long haulers can be treated and cured.

THE SYMPTOMS
NAD+ is involved in cell creation, maintenance, metabolism, and regulating cell processes. COVID both increases the breakdown of NAD+ and decreases the production of NAD+.

Symptoms of a NAD+ deficiency may include:
* difficulty breathing (feeling like you’re not taking in enough oxygen)
* congestion / cough
* stomach issues / nausea / diarrhea
* loss of taste, smell, and appetite
* body temperature regulation, fever, night sweats, chills
* nightmares / vivid dreams
* brain fog / dizziness / the spins
* headaches / body aches / soreness
* fatigue
* ear aches
* skin lesions
* anxiety or depression

The protocol addresses all these ailments. A niacin supplement is the cheapest and safest treatment.

PELLAGRA
A niacin deficiency results in pellagra. Emergency plans for treating pellagra have already been developed in both the United States and worldwide. Long haulers syndrome is COVID-19 Induced Secondary Pellagra (CISP).

Pellagra was first identified among Spanish peasants by Don Gaspar Casal in 1735. Pellagra has sometimes been called the disease of the four D’s – dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia, and death. [3] Pellagra was in existence for nearly two centuries in Europe before being recognized in the United States, where it was first reported in 1902. Over the next two decades, pellagra occurred in epidemic proportions in the American South. [4] By the time of the Mississippi flood in 1927, Dr Joseph Goldberger of the USPHS had conducted extensive research demonstrating that pellagra was caused by a nutritional deficiency (a lack of niacin, or vitamin B3). Goldberger advised the Red Cross to add brewer’s yeast to its food rations. Within weeks, people with pellagra were cured, and new cases of pellagra were prevented. [5]

WORLD EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN
In 2000, the World Health Organization developed an emergency management plan for pellagra.

WHO Pellagra Prevention and Control (PDF)

Cases of pellagra “responded dramatically both to nicotinic acid.”  Because several forms of niacin are available to the body, and tryptophan can be converted to niacinat the ratio of 60 mg of tryptophan to 1 mg niacin, the term “niacin equivalent” is used to describe the contribution to dietary intake of all active forms of niacin. Niacin is a member of the B-vitamin complex group.

CONCLUSION
A large quantity and quality of lives could be saved by implementing the protocol of Niacin B3, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Zinc, and Selenium.

1. COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity Wentzel, Miller, Richards
COVID-19: NAD+ Deficiency by Wentzel, Miller, Richards (PDF)

2. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia with NAD+ in a mouse model Jiang, Deng, Ma, Pang, Hu, Qin, Xu
COVID-19 in Mice / NAD+ (PDF)

3. Joseph Goldberger’s research on the prevention of pellagra Alfredo Morabia

4. Pellagra in the United States: a historical perspective NIH

5. Preventing Chronic Diseases CDC

bookmark_borderCOIVD-19 and Serotonin

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I am a researcher sharing covid19 information and connecting people together for solutions. I saw your research and the suggested protocol to support NAD+ pathways and it really resonated as it would also support serotonin synthesis. A number of researchers believe all COVID19 issues come from serotonin dysregulation.

I would love to get your anecdotal observations on how a vitamin stack has helped long haulers, I have heard a number of them have fully recovered after taking niacin, vitD, vitC, selenium and quercetin stack.

Interesting that zinc, selenium, vitD, vitamin B3, vitC – are all support serotonin synthesis and quercetin up regulates it and stabilizes mast cells.

It seems like the dots are connecting and I would love to hear from you, here is a blog post I wrote to promote serotonin theory:

Nikita K. Alexandrov, Bchem, MBA

https://nkalex.medium.com/blood-dysfunction-as-the-cause-of-long-covid-926c0af4ea63

Disruption of Blood Dynamics and Gut-Immune-Brain Axis as the Cause of Long Covid
Disruption of Blood Dynamics and Gut-Immune-Brain Axis as the Cause of Long Covid